Master of Science Shemin Sagaria will Wednesday May 20th, 2026, at 12:15 hold his Thesis Defense for the PhD degree in Science. The title of the thesis is:
« Multi-dimensional assessment of Vehicle-to-Grid integration: A comprehensive analysis of system dynamics, technical feasibility, socio-behavioural constraints, and long-term economic outcomes »
To balance the intermittency of renewable energy sources (RES), Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology has emerged as a promising energy storage option by enabling electric vehicles (EVs) to function not only as mobility assets but also as distributed energy storage resources. This PhD research develops an integrated modelling framework to assess the technical, economic, behavioural, market, and environmental aspects of V2G in renewable-dominant energy systems.
This research adopts a multi-layered modelling methodology that progresses from system-level assessment to comprehensive inter-disciplinary multi-agent model assessment and lifecycle evaluation. The analysis of a national-scale energy system with Spain shows that EV fleets of 3.15 million vehicles in 2030 and 22.7 million vehicles in 2050 could provide substantial storage capacity, potentially replacing 122 GW and 2.7 TW of additional storage requirements. Further analysis with Germany evaluates the role of social and technical factors such as V2G acceptance, battery availability, charger power, and EV adoption levels. Results show that a moderate V2G acceptance rate and battery availability of 30–50% can significantly improve system reliability, while standard chargers of 7–11 kW are sufficient to enable V2G services. Further study on battery degradation shows that V2G increases battery degradation by about 9–14% over ten years, with an estimated compensation requirement of approximately €132/MWh in 2030 and €70/MWh in 2050 to offset degradation economic costs.
Within a more realistic operational environment with an electricity market model, market-clearing process and including V2G-associated costs incurred by participants, the multi-agent co-simulation model shows that incentives are a necessity for a sustainably successful V2G operation. Without incentives, agents will incur economic losses from V2G, and energy delivery can decrease by 50–70%. Finally, environmental and cost analysis shows that using EV batteries for grid services can reduce emissions per unit of delivered energy and avoid part of the investment required for stationary storage. Overall, the research finds that V2G can support renewable energy integration, but its large-scale contribution depends on supportive market rules, suitable incentives, and active user participation.
Supervisory Committee:
1st Opponent: Associate Professor Joakim Munkhammar, Uppsala university, Sweden
2nd Opponent: Professor Xingxing Zhang, Dalarna University, Sweden
Internal member and leader of the committee: Associate professor Bjarte Hoff, Institutt for elektroteknologi, IVT-fak, UiT