Safety

The fume hood is the most important safety devide in the laboratory. It is designed to prevent the inhalation of harmful and irritating vapors and dust, as well as to prevent the formation of explosive gas mixtures. Proper use of the fume hood ensures that contaminants are removed effectively and efficiently.

Correct use of fume hoods

• Place your work in the center of the hood, where the extraction is most effective.
• Do not exceed the marked safety height of the sash, as this can reduce airflow within the fume hood.
• Work with smooth, calm movements to avoid creating turbulence, which can allow contaminated air to escape into the breathing zone.
• Store as few bottles and pieces of equipment in the hood as possible. Too much equipment can disrupt the airflow. The fume hood is not a storage cabinet for chemicals. More information on storage can be found here.
• Keep doors and windows closed. Open doors and windows can cause airflow to reverse and exit the fume hood.
• Minimize traffic near the fume hood, as this can create turbulence at the hood's opening, potentially allowing contaminants to escape into the room.
• Empty and clean the fume hood after use. The risk assessment should specify how work in the fume hood should be concluded at the end of the workday and in the event of an evacuation.
• Keep the sash down when the hood is not used.

Ventilation stopp, power outage, or fume hood malfunction

• If an indicator warns of reduced airflow, or if you suspect a malfunction, close the hood and notify the lab supervisor. Contact Avdeling for bygg og eiendom for follow-up.
• In the event of a power outage and/or ventilation stoppage, fume cupboards and chemical storage cabinets will cease to function. The working atmosphere may then become hazardous due to chemical evaporation. Leave the laboratory and wait for clearance from Avdeling for bygg og eiendom before using the fume hood again.

Annual inspection of fume cupboards
The fume hood and alarms are inspected anually by Avdeling for bygg og eiendom. A label on the hood will indicate the dato of the last inspection and the measured airflow speed, which should be at least 0.4 - 0.5 meters per second. If the airflow is lower, the fume hood will be closed for use. Users will be notified well in advance of inspections so that the hood can be prepared for inspection.

First aid equipment is stored in the first aid cabinets within the units. Some types of high-risk avtivities and tasks may require additional first aid supplies beyond what is available in the cabinets and must therefore be procured before the work begins. The specific first aid equipment needed for the task should be identified through the risk assessment of the task.

All rooms where chemicals, pressurized gases, or other potentially hazardous materials are used or stored must have a room card. The room card should be displayed on or near all doors leading into the room.

The room card provides concise information about specific hazards and the contact person for the room. It is crucial for emergency personnel in a damage control situation.

Guidance for room cards describes how to fill out the room card. You may also refer to an example of a completed room card for reference. For hazard sympols to be used on room cards, see hazard signs for room cards with CLP-pictograms.

Useful resources:

Room card template

• Room card example
• Hazard signs for room card with CLP-pictograms
• Guidance for room cards
• UiTs substance index Workplace safety
• The Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority (Arbeidstilsynet) information page about chemicals (Norwegian only)
• DSBs guidance to forskrift om håndtering av brannfarlig, reaksjonsfarlig og trykksatt stoff samt utstyr og anlegg som benyttes ved håndteringen (Norwegian only)
• Forskrift om håndtering av brannfarlig, reaksjonsfarlig og trykksatt stoff samt utstyr og anlegg som benyttes i håndteringen (Norwegian only)
• Miljødirektoratets stoffliste (kjemikaliesøk) (Norwegian only)

[LENKE]https://en.uit.no/employee/hse/safety

[LENKE]https://en.uit.no/employee/hse/health#occupational-vaccine

Guidelines
Guidelines for the operation and maintenance of the substance index at UiT

The electronic substance index
Workplace Safety The link will take you to the Norwegian version of the substance index. To change the language, click on the nine dots in the top right corner, select "språk" and choose your preferred language.

Description of function
Description of function for support functions in Workplace safety
Confidentiality declaration for local administrators in the Workplace Safety substance index

Other resources

• Det europeiske kjemikalieverket (ECHA)
• Forskrift om klassifisering, merking og emballering av stoffer og stoffblandinger (CLP-forskriften)
• Forskrift om registrering, vurdering, godkjenning og begrensning av kjemikalier (REACH-forskriften)
• Miljødirektoratet: Kjemikalieregelverket REACH
• Miljødirektoratet: Klassifisering og merking av kjemikalier (CLP)

Videos

Part 1: Training for Reading User, Substance Index Contact, and Local Administrator

Part 2: Training for Substance Index Contact and Local Administrator

Part 3: Training for Local Administrator

[LENKE]https://en.uit.no/employee/hse/safety#panel_8

Although it may be tempting to keep chemicals that are no longer in use, it is crucial to dispose of them. Some chemicals can develop additional hazards over time, while others may damage the container they are stored in. By disposing of chemicals that are no longer needed, we help prevent accidents, exposure to harmful substances, and environmental pollution.

The chemical inventory in the various laboratories should be reviewed annually, and chemicals that are no longer used must be disposed of according to routines for disposing of chemical waste.

If a chemical poses physical hazards, health risks, or environmental disturbances, it should be evaluated to determine if a safer alternative exists. If such an alternative is available and can be used without unreasonable cost or other issues, it should be chosen. If substitution is not feasible, the risk assessment must document that the possibility of substitution has been considered.

Miljødirektoratet (The Norwegian Environment Agency) provides useful information regarding the substitution of chemicals (Norwegian only).

Chemicals should be stored out of reach of unauthorized personnel. The storage of chemicals must comply with the information given in Section 7 of the material safety data sheet. It is important to avoid co-storing of chemicals that may react with each other. An overview of which chemicals can and cannot be co-stored based on their hazard properties is provided in the table for joint storage of chemicals.

Section 10, Stability and Reactivity, of the material safety data sheet provides information on which chemicals the substance in question may react with.

Over long periods of storage, some chemicals can damage the container they are stored in or undergo transformations that introduce additional hazards. An example of such chemicals is peroxide-forming chemicals. Specific procedures for the storage and testing of peroxide formation can be found in the routine for handling of peroxide-forming chemicals.

Explosive chemicals can only be purchased, stored, and handled when there is a documented occupational need. Documentation of occupational need must be part of the risk assessment approved by the leader. The purchase of such chemicals must be reported to the faculty/unit's safety advisor. For more information on the purchase and handling of explosive chemicals, refer to the routine for handling explosive and flammable substances.

Explosive chemicals should not be delivered to local hazardous waste collection points. Contact the specialist for chemical waste if you need to dispose of such chemicals.

Some chemicals can react with oxygen in the air over time and form explosive peroxides. These are known as peroxide-forming chemicals. The routine for handling peroxide forming chemicals provides information on how to identify these chemicals and how they should be stored and disposed of. Peroxide-forming chemicals must be labeled with a peroxide-forming chemicals label and checked for peroxide formation every three months.

Before starting work with pressurized gases and liquid nitrogen, completion of HMS-0505 Gas Course must be documented. Additionally, it is important to familiarize yourself with the safety data sheet for the gas. This will provide information on hazard properties, first aid measures, handling and storage, and what to do in case of an accidental release.

Pressurized gas

Only experienced individuals who have received training should handle pressurized gases. Gas cylinders must be protected from physical damage and should not be dragged, rolled, pushed, or dropped. Supplier labels must not be removed or made unreadable. When moving cylinders, use appropriate equipment, such as a cart or forklift, even for short distances. The valve cap should remain on until the cylinder is in place and securely fastened to prevent it from tipping over.

Cylinders must always be secured in an upright position. All valves must be closed when the cylinder is not in use, even if it is connected to equipment. The valve openings must be kept clean and free from contaminants, especially oil and water. If you discover damaged or difficult-to-use valves, report them immediately to the supplier. If a blind plug is provided with the cylinder, it should be fitted to the valve immediately after disconnecting from the equipment.

Cylinders should be stored in well-ventilated areas and should not be exposed to open flames or other sources of heating. Gas cylinders must not be exposed to temperatures above 45°C.

Waste: Snakk gas containers with hydrocarbon gas mixtures and flammable aerosol containers should be delivered to the local contact person for chemical waste according to local procedures. The UN number and waste number for classification on the chemical waste label can be found in the sorting form for chemical waste based on hazard properties.

Liquid nitrogen

[LENKE]https://en.uit.no/employee/hse/framework&tools#hse-risk-assessment

[LENKE]https://en.uit.no/employee/hse/safety#v-pills-857426

How to handle chemical spills depends on the quantity and type of chemical involved. Therefore, it is important to plan what to do in case of a spill before starting to use a chemical.

Possible actions include:

• Turning off burners and other heat sources
• Opening windows
• Contacting a qualified person
• Cleaning up the spill
• Notifying a leader

Spills should not be cleaned up if you are unfamiliar with the risks associated with the chemical. In such cases, the laboratory should be evacuated, doors closed, and the leader notified.

For small-scale chemical spills, you should:

• Identify the spilled substance. Use the material safety data sheet to determine how the spill should be managed
• Find the appropriate equipment before cleaning up the spill
• Locate the necessary equipment in the emergency cabinet. This cabinet contains various absorbents for liquid spills, gloves, safety goggles, shoe covers, disposable overalls, dust masks, respiratory protection, waste bags, brooms, dustpans, and more.
• In case of fire, use extinguishers, fire blankets, or fire hoses.

For larger chemicals spills: 

• activate the fire alarm and leave the area
• notify emergency services and UiT's internal emergency number

Accidents involving chemicals should be reported as a HSE non-conformance

[LENKE]https://en.uit.no/employee/hse/safety#panel_1

Guidelines

• Guidelines for handling of chemicals

Routines

• Routine for handling of liquid nitrogen
• Rutine for bruk av fyllestasjon for flytende nitrogen ved MH (Norwegian only)
• Routine for handling of explosive and flammable substances
• Routine for the handling of peroxide forming chemicals
• Routine for transport of chemicals, hazardous waste, gases and liquid nitrogen in culverts and corridors
• Routine for transporting dangerous goods by public road
  
• Routine for the use of carcinogenic chemicals
• Routine for the use of hydrofluoric acid - hydrogen fluoride or other fluoric containing acids
• Routine for the use of ethidium bromide
• Routine for use of cytostatica
• Routine for use of Bunsen burners - gas burners
• Routine for use of medicaments

Brochures, forms and guidance

• Labels for peroxide forming chemicals
• Form for implementation of combination analysis (CA)
• Table for joint storage of chemicals
• Instructions for combination analysis (CA)

While biological material can be harmless, living and dead microorganisms, cell cultures, endoparasites, and prions can cause infections, allergies, or toxic effects in humans. These are referred to as biological factors. Biological factors can be naturally occurring or genetically modified. It is important to note that certain biological factors can be harmful to health even if they do not cause infectious diseases. An example of this is certain microorganisms that can produce toxins. Exposure to non-infectious biological agents can also lead to chronic health issues over time, such as COPD, bronchitis, asthma, allergic alveolitis, and allergic eczema.

Biological factor should be handled according to the routine for the handling of biological factors and human material.

Before starting work with biological factors:

• the work must be risk-assessed.
• local safety training must be completed
• a notification must be sent to the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority (Arbeidstilsynet) before the first use of biological factors in infection risk group 2 or higher. More information on infection risk group below. The notification must be sent at least 30 days before the work begins. A copy of the notification must be sent to the faculty. Work with biological factors in risk group 3 or 4 cannot be carried out without approval from the rector.
• the laboratory must meet the containment level requirements for the biological factor's infection risk group. An overview of containment level requirements can be found in § 8-4 of forskrift om utføring og innretning av arbeidsplasser og arbeidslokaler (arbeidsplassforskriften). 
• the need for vaccination should be determined based on the risk assessment.
• if there is a possibility of exposure or if someone has been exposed to biological factors in infection risk group 3 or 4, they must be registered in the exposure register and offered personal health examination.

Infection risk group
Biological factors are categorized into four different infection risk groups based on their potential to cause infection. The supplier typically provides information on which group a particular factor belongs to. If this information is not available, the person responsible for daily operations must assess and determine the appropriate risk group for the biological factor. This assessment must be documented. 

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic composition has been altered using gene or cell technology. Organisms that have had their genetic composition changed through traditional breeding or mutagenesis are not considered genetically modified.

Some genes used in GMOs may pose a health risk to humans. Genes that confer resistance to antibiotics are among these. These genes are commonly used in research because they enable scientists to distinguish genetically modified bacteria from other bacteria. However, there is a concern that these genes could be transferred to pathogenic bacteria, potentially making them resistant to antibiotic treatment.

Approval Requirements for Laboratories: Laboratories and other areas where GMOs are to be used, stored, or temporarily kept must be approved by Helsedirektoratet. 

Requirements for Notification or Approval of Activities: Before a new GMO or a new protocol involving altered use of a GMO is implemented, it must be reported or approved by the Norwegian Directorate of Health. The requirements for notification or approval depend on the risk group and whether the GMO in question involves genetically modified microorganisms, plants, or animals.

More information about laboratory approval requirements and the requirements for notification or approval of avtivities can be found in the routine for handling of genetically modified organisms, Forskrift om innesluttet bruk av genmodifiserte mikroorganismer, Forskrift om innesluttet bruk av genmodifiserte dyr and Forskrift om innesluttet bruk av genmodifiserte planter. 

Before starting work with GMOs:

• the work must be risk-assessed
• local safety training must be completed

NT-fak has created a video showing how to handle spills involving genetically modified microorganisms. 

[LENKE]https://en.uit.no/employee/hse/framework&tools#hse-risk-assessment

When working with biologival material, it is important to prepare for potential accidents to minimize the risk of contamination, infection, or other hazards. Therefore, conducting a thourough risk assessment before starting the work is essential. Identify potential hazards and assess the likelihood and consequences of accidents. Accidents involving biological material must be reported as HSE non-conformance. 

You can find information on how to handle accidents and spills involving various types of biological material in:

• Routine for handling of biological material in the laboratory
• Routine for handling biological factors and human material
• Routine for handling genetically modified organisms TN-fak has created a video showing how to handle spills involving genetically modified microorganisms.

Other useful resources:

• First aid for blood spills, stabs/cuts or animal bites (Hemis) (Norwegian only)

[LENKE]https://en.uit.no/employee/hse/safety#panel_2

Guidelines

• Guidelines for the handling of biological material

Routines

• Routine for the handling of biological material in the laboratory
• Routine for handling of biological factors and human material 
• Routine for handling of genetically modified organisms (GMO)

Brochures, forms and guidance

• Tiltakskort ved søl av biologiske faktorer og genmodifiserte organismer (GMO)
• Tiltakskort ved stikk-, kutt- og bittskader og blodsøl
• Form for implementation of combination analysis (CA)
• Instructions for combination analysis (CA)

Regulations

• Forskrift om utførelse av arbeid
• Forskrift om innesluttet bruk av genmodifiserte mikroorganismer
• Forskrift om innesluttet bruk av genmodifiserte dyr
• Forskrift om innesluttet bruk av genmodifiserte planter
• Forskrift om utforming og innretning av arbeidsplasser og arbeidslokaler (arbeidsplassforskriften)

Other

• Arbeidstilsynets temaside om biologiske faktorer (Norwegian only)
• First aid for blood spills, stabs/cuts or animal bites (Hemis) (Norwegian only)

Ionising radiation is radiation that has enough energy to break chemical bonds in the material it irradiates. Examples of ionising radiation include alpha, beta, gamma radiation, neutron radiation, and X-rays.

Registration and Approval of Projects
The project coordinator must register all projects that involve the use of ionising radiation with the central radiation protection coordinator before the project begins. See Form for registration of projects involving open radioactive sources and Form for registration of projects involving handling of x-ray and sealed radiation sources

 Overview and Control of Radiation Sources
The unit must maintain an overview of all radiation sources. This includes open radioactive sources, sealed radioactive sources, X-ray machines, and electron microscopes. For open radioactive sources, a record of radionuclides and activities must be kept at the site, as per Overview of open radioactive sources at the user site. Any new radiation-emitting equipment purchased must be reported to the local radiation protection coordinator (LSK) and the central radiation protection coordinator (SSK).

Isotope Laboratories and Classification of Work Areas
All work with open radioactive sources above the exemption levels outlined in the appendix to the regulations must be conducted in Type B or C isotope laboratories, depending on the activity level, as per the activity limits for work with open radioactive sources.

Monitoring of Radiation Levels in the Workplace and Contamination Controls
Routine monitoring of radiation levels and, if necessary, contamination controls must be conducted in areas where radiation is used, where radioactive materials are stored, or where radioactive waste is handled.

Waste Management
Waste must be managed according to the Guidelines for handling hazardous waste, including the Routine for the preparation of radioactive waste for disposal.

Discharges of radioactive substances to the environment are not permitted without approval from the Rector, via the SSK. Approval must always be applied for before starting work that causes such discharges.

Non-ionising radiation is radiation that does not have enough energy to ionise an atom or molecule, meaning it has lower energy than 12.6 keV. Non-ionising radiation is divided into two main groups: optical radiation and electromagnetic fields.

Optical radiation (UV, visible, IR) includes both coherent optical radiation (lasers) and non-coherent optical radiation.
Electromagnetic fields refer to static electric fields, static magnetic fields, time-varying electric fields, time-varying magnetic fields, and electromagnetic fields with frequencies up to 300 GHz, which includes static, low-frequency, and radiofrequency fields.

Overview and Control of Radiation Sources
The unit must maintain an overview of all strong non-ionising radiation sources. This includes UVC sources, lasers in classes 3R, 3B, and 4, and electron microscopes. Any new radiation-emitting equipment purchased must be reported to the local radiation protection coordinator (LSK) and the central radiation protection coordinator (SSK).

Central Radiation Protection Coordinator (SSK)
The Central Radiation Protection Coordinator (SSK) is responsible for the overall radiation protection at UiT. See Description of function for SSK. SSK is tasked with guiding employees on the safe handling of radiation sources and the use of protective and measurement equipment. The SSK is UiT's contact person with the Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (DSA). The SSK at UiT is Martina Havelkova.

Local Radiation Protection Coordinator (LSK)
The Local Radiation Protection Coordinator (LSK) is responsible for radiation protection at the faculty/unit. See Description of function for LSK. Among other duties, the LSK is responsible for approving C-labs, assisting with risk assessments, and guiding employees on the safe use of radiation sources.

Radiation Protection Contact (SK)
The Radiation Protection Contact (SK) is responsible for radiation protection at the department or unit. See Description of function for SK. The SK is responsible for ensuring that there is an overview of radioactive sources where such sources are used, participating in risk assessments, and coordinating local training of new users in collaboration with the PK and LSK.

Project Coordinator (PK)
The Project Coordinator (PK) is responsible for tasks related to the initiation and implementation of research projects involving the handling of ionising radiation. See Description of function for PK. The PK must register all work involving the use of ionising radiation with the SSK, conduct risk assessments, maintain an overview of all users within their project, and ensure that local training is provided to users within their project.

Guidelines

• Guidelines for handling of different types of radiation

Routines, ionizing radiation

• Routine for handling of open radioactive sources
• Routine for handling of equipment that emits x-ray radiation
• Routine for use of isotype laboratory type B (hot lab)
• Routine for control of radiation related measuring equipment
• Routine for establishing control card and interpreting control values

Routines, non-ionizing radiation

• Routine for handling of short-wave ultraviolet radiation (UVC)
• Routine for handling of laser
• Routine for handling of artificial optical radiation and electromagnetic fields

Forms

• Form for registration of projects involving open radioactive sources
• Form for registration of projects involving handling of x-ray and sealed radiation sources
• Overview of open radioactive sources at the user site

Description of function

• Description of function for central radiation protection coordinator (SSK)
• Description of function for local radiation protection coordinator (LSK)
• Description of function for radiation protection cantact (SK)
• Description of function for project coordinator (PK)

Other relevant information

• Content of local safety training when using ionising radiation
• Overview of courses in radiation protection for different types of radiation
• Activity limits for work with open radioactive sources
• Information concerning registration of ionising and non-ionising radiation sources
• Radioaktivt avfall
• Avviksrapportering og varsling

The Section of Comparative Medicine (AKM) aims to be a safe workplace for employees and users. Systematic HSE work and written routines contribute to this. Everyone has a personal responsibility to comply with the requirements for working at AKM.
Working at AKM involves, among other things, exposure to potentially hazardous substances. All work that may pose a health risk must be specifically risk-assessed.

Before you can start working at AKM

Health monitoring program for those eho will work with laboratory animals
A recommendation and offer for health monitoring program have been introduced for everyone who will work/is working with fur-bearing laboratory animals. Employees and students must be offered a health check before starting work with laboratory animals.
You can find the health monitoring program here.

Risk identification
The Working Environment Act requires all organizations to identify workplace risks. AKM maintains a comprehensive overview and continuous risk identification of its activities but relies on risk identification and receiving information about the substances and methods that users and research groups plan to use in their experiments at AKM.

Project leaders are required to submit a risk identification form before initiating new experiments. You can find the form here.
If the risk identification reveals the use of potentially hazardous substances or methods, a specific risk assessment must be conducted (see below).

Risk assessment 
If the risk identification shows the use of potentially hazardous substances or methods, a specific risk assessment must be conducted. It is the project leader's responsibility to ensure that a risk assessment for each experiment is carried out. AKM must receive a copy of the completed risk assessment before the experiment begins. The project leader is also responsible for ensuring that all participants in the experiment (employees, AKM staff, etc.) receive the necessary training before starting.

Coordination agreement
The Working Environment Act requires a coordination agreement if users from external institutions (i.e., institutions other than UiT) will work at AKM. The coordination agreement must be established before the experiment begins. You can find the template for the coordination agreement with AKM here.

Health hazards at AKM
Below are examples of potential health hazards when working at AKM.

Special information for pregnant and breastfeeding individuals
Certain methods and substances used at AKM may be particularly harmful to pregnant and breastfeeding individuals. Examples include ionizing radiation, certain chemicals, and medications. A specific routine for pregnant and breastfeeding employees at UiT has been developed. You can find more information and useful resources for pregnant employees at UiT here.

Pregnant and breastfeeding individuals are encouraged to contact the occupational health service if they have questions.

Allergens
The density of allergens is high in a animal facility. Working with laboratory animals is a well-known risk factor for developing allergic conditions. Individuals with known allergies to animals and plants, as well as individuals with asthma, are advised not to work at AKM. It is important to use the correct protective equipment to shield against allergen exposure. Everyone working at AKM must also be regularly monitored for allergy development, as described here.

Chemicals and medical substances

Many cleaning and disinfecting agents are used in laboratory animal facilities. Medications and various test substances are also used. All use of potentially hazardous substances must be risk-assessed. Safety data sheets for all chemicals and information sheets for all medications used at AKM must be available. Users are required to provide safety data sheets for all labeled chemicals brought to AKM.

Ionizing radiation and radioactivity
Various types of sources that can emit radiation are used at AKM. All methods and equipment that may emit radiation must comply with guidelines for handling different types of radiation.

Infectious agents
Even healthy animals can transmit infections to humans, for example, through bites and scratches. Proper handling of animals, adequate protective equipment, and good hygiene are essential to prevent zoonotic infections.
Everyone working with laboratory animals at AKM must be offered a tetanus vaccine. Work involving pathogens (infectious disease experiments) requires specific risk assessments and approval from the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority. Contact the Head of Unit at AKM for more information if you are planning such experiments. It is not uncommon to implant cells or other biological materials into animals. Such biological materials may potentially be infectious. AKM requires that all biological materials to be implanted in animals are tested for infectious agents. Contact the Head of Unit at AKM for more information.

Other hazardous factors
Any new method or substance planned for use at AKM must be evaluated for risk before starting. Questions regarding HSE and waste management at AKM can be directed to Lorenzo Ragazzi.

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