Type of course

The course is a technical joint course with Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology. The course will be given as an intensive course with participants from both universities.

May be taken as a singular course.

Admission requirements

Course content

The course shall contain the main parts: Winterization in cold areas, de-icing technology and marine icing theory.

Winterization in cold areas andde-icing technology

• Safety regulations.
• Automation and technology.
• Anti-icing and de-icing.

Marine icing theory

• Threats connected to icing on ships, in particular sea-spray icing.
• Different ship-icing prediction models and methodologies, their limitations and feasibility for safety planning.
• Key environmental parameters connected to icing.
• Uncertainties related to weather parameters applied into the icing models.
• Information about large scale weather patterns as e.g. polar lows

Objectives of the course

Knowledge

The student has:

• broad knowledge of de-icing systems on ships operating in Polar waters
• thorough knowledge of technical limitations in de-icing systems with respect to available power and load
• thorough knowledge of limitations in de-icing systems with respect to meteorological and icing conditions
• thorough knowledge of different ship-icing prediction models and methodologies, their limitations and feasibility for safety planning
• advanced knowledge of the key environmental parameters connected to icing and how to obtain information about these parameters
• knowledge of uncertainties related to weather parameters applied into the icing models
• advanced knowledge of how information about large scale weather patterns obtained by predictions from ensemble prediction systems can be applied for planning
• advanced knowledge of state-of-the-art technologies used in the maritime segment of operations in Polar waters
• a thorough knowledge of the key environmental factors affecting the performance of maritime operations in the Polar regions

Skills

The student can:

• analyse and deal critically with general limitations in de-icing systems when operating in Polar waters,
• analyse technical limitations in de-icing systems in order to ensure the safety on board,
• analyse limitations in icing models and weather parameters applied into the models,
• carry out safety planning based on weather information related to icing,
• carry out basic heat flux calculations applied in icing models,

Competence

The student can:

• contribute to safe decisions based on knowledge about the capabilities of the de-icing systems,
• communicate how accumulated ice limits the operation of a vessel and how to handle such situations,
• apply skills of weather information to plan safe trips in areas where icing is a possible risk factor,

Language of instruction and examination

Teaching methods

Assessment

Oral exam. Letter grading A - F.

Compulsory exercises must be approved. (It will be specified at the beginning of the semester.)

No re-sit exam

Recommended reading/syllabus

Kalnay, E. Historical overview of numerical weather prediction. In Atmospheric Modeling, Data Assimilation and Predictability, chapter 1, pages 1-31. Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Løset, S., Shkinek, K. N., Gudmestad, O. T., and Høyland, K. V. Actions from ice on arctic offshore and coastal structures, chapter 6 Icing in the Ocean, pages 191{206. LAN, St. Petersburg, 2006. Student's Books for Institutes of Higher Education. Special Literature.

Makkonen, L., Brown, R. D., and Mitten, P. T. Comments on "Prediction of vessel icing for near-freezing sea temperatures". Weather and Forecasting, 6:565-567, 1991.

Mertins, H. O. Icing on shing vessels due to spray. Marine Observer, 38(221):128-130, 1968.

Overland, J. E., Pease, C. H., Preisendorfer, R. W., and Comiskey, A. L. Prediction of vessel icing. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, 25(12).

Samuelsen, E. M., Løset, S., and Edvardsen, K. Marine icing observed on KV Nordkapp during a cold air outbreak with a developing polar low in the Barents Sea. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, number 87, pages 1{14, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 2015.

Samuelsen, E. M. Ship-icing prediction methods applied in operational weather forecasting (in progress). Weather and Forecasting, 2017.

Samuelsen, E. M., Edvardsen, K., and Graversen, R. G. Modelled and observed sea-spray icing in Arctic-Norwegian waters. Cold Regions Science and Technolgy (submitted, September 2016), 2016.

Zakrzewski, W. P. Splashing a ship with collision-generated spray. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 14(1): 65.